Simulation analysis of rockfall movement characteristics with debris slope using Unity3D based on UAV remote sensing DSM: a case study of the G318 Highway on the Tibetan Plateau

Rockfalls on debris slopes pose a significant hazard to canyon roads the Tibetan Plateau. In order assess risks and develop effective engineering solutions, it is crucial fully understand characteristics processes of rockfall movement. This research utilizes UAVs three-dimensional (3D) laser scanners capture images data, while Pix4D employed create high-precision 3D model from collected data. Unity3D utilized analyze movement deposition positions rockfall. Various characteristic indexes, such as velocity, acceleration, displacement, energy loss, deposit position, are computed examined for blocks with different shapes, sizes, instability types slope, composed various slope materials inclinations. The aim obtain insights into specific mechanisms slopes, which differ conventional slopes. Field experiments have confirmed effectiveness simulation approach. Building upon this foundation, G318 Highway Plateau developed using Unity3D. used calculate characteristics, variation, findings then compared those common models. results demonstrate that by provides more accurate reasonable model. Moreover, exhibit characteristics. By employing analysis, comprehensive understanding phenomena behavior can be achieved, enabling proposal protection measures.